Category Archives: Commemoration

Commemorating Royal Signals War Dead – New Page, ‘D’

The Royal Signals casualties whose surnames begin with ‘D’ have now been included on the War Dead page on this website (completed letters are hyperlinked; the documents open as pdfs). They amount to 255 all ranks who died on operations in the inter-war years, in the Second World War and in the campaigns of the post-Second World War period. Included on this list are three members of the Auxiliary Territorial Service who served with Royal Signals, and a Lady Teleprinter Operator of Malaya Command Signals who died in a Japanese internment camp.

The graves of Corporal E. C. Turner and Signalman N. Davies at Manzai Fort cemetery showing their original construction.

The very weathered concrete grave marker for Signalman Norman Davies as it is now at Manzai Fort Cemetery.

The casualties include:

  • Seventy-five men were killed in action or died of wounds or were killed as a result of terrorist action, including:

On the early morning of 9 April 1937, a convoy set out from Manzai Fort destined for the garrison at Wana carrying supplies and some officers and men returning to their units. At about 7.40a.m. it was ambushed at the western end of the Shahur Tangi, a narrow, steep-sided, three-mile long gorge, eight miles west of Jandola. Raiders hidden in the rocks close to the road attacked the convoy along its length causing very heavy casualties but the armoured cars, the infantry escort from 4/16th Punjab Regiment and the other troops with the convoy fought most gallantly and prevented the convoy from being overrun. In the convoy was a detachment from Waziristan District Signals commanded by Corporal E. C. Turner. Corporal Turner and Signalman N. Davies were killed in action, the Indian driver (Signalman Joseph) and Signalman T. Bowkett were wounded,[1] the latter severely, but three other men, Signalmen Bartlett and McKenna and an Indian soldier, escaped unscathed. In total, the attack claimed six British officers and two other ranks (Turner and Davies) killed, five British officers and one other rank (Bowkett) wounded, one Indian medical officer and 20 Indian other ranks killed, and 39 Indian all ranks wounded. You can read about the ambush in the Shahur Tangi here and about Manzai Fort Cemetery here (as casualties outwith the World Wars, their remains were not reinterred in a C.W.G.C. cemetery and Manzai Fort Cemetery is not maintained by the C.W.G.C.).

Signalman J. G. Dart, 2nd Air Formation Signals, was killed on 20 November 1942 during an air raid at Maison Blanche Airfield, Algiers just after the landings in North Africa during Operation Torch. The raid on the harbour and the airfield resulted in the death of 35 all ranks of the Army, Royal Air Force and Merchant Navy. Others from 2nd Air Formation Signals killed at Maison Blanche were Company Quartermaster Serjeant R. Turner and Lance Serjeant J. R. Humpries. Lance Corporal N. F. Alderman, 45th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment Royal Artillery Signal Section and Signalman L. J. Wallington, 1st Parachute Brigade Signal Section were also killed in the attack.

Driver J. H. Davies, 4th Army Group Royal Artillery Signal Section, was killed in action on 14 July 1944 when a line maintenance party was attacked by enemy aircraft. Lance Corporal G. G. Hoy, Signalman A. W. Clayton, Signalman S. Radley, and Signalman H. Salad were wounded; for his bravery in Normandy and the aftermath Lance Corporal Hoy was awarded a Military Medal.[2]

During the Aden Emergency in the Federation of South Arabia in operations against dissident tribesmen astride the Lahej-Dhala road in the Thumier area, following a report that four hand grenades had been found hidden under rocks which were placed to block the road, Corporal M. R. Davies, Federal Regular Army Signal Squadron attached to 4th Battalion, Federal Regular Army, volunteered to go out with a Land Rover to assist in road clearing operations. He was killed in action on 3 April 1964 when his vehicle hit a land mine. Continue reading

Commemorating Royal Signals War Dead – New Page, ‘M’

The Royal Signals casualties whose surnames begin with ‘M’ have now been included on the War Dead page on this website (completed letters are hyperlinked; the documents open as pdfs).

Of the first letter for surnames in England, ‘M’ accounts for about 7% but this rises to over 20% in Scotland. Notwithstanding the large number of Scottish soldiers who have served with Royal Signals, surnames beginning with ‘M’ tend to the former, making up a little over 8% of Royal Signals casualties (446 all ranks).

Malbork Commonwealth War Cemetery in the north of Poland. Buried here is Signalman Cecil McCormack of 2nd Anti-Aircraft Brigade Signal Section who was captured in the latter stages of the Battle of France and held at Stalag XX-A in Thorn (Toruń) in Poland, where he died as a prisoner of war on 25 December 1940. (Photo: C.W.G.C.)

The casualties include:

  • One hundred and seventeen who were killed in action or died of wounds or were killed as a result of terrorist action, including:

In the early stages of the Malayan Campaign, in the Battle of Jitra fought by 11th Indian Division, Captain J. L. Mainprize, Officer Commanding 28th Indian Infantry Brigade Signal Section was killed in action on 12 December 1941 with Captain A. S. Hargreaves, 15th Indian Infantry Brigade Signal Section, when they were caught by crossfire while travelling in a vehicle near Gurun. On 15 December Captain K. Mole was posted from 9th Indian Divisional Signals to 15th Indian Infantry Brigade Signal Section with Second Lieutenant R. D. G. Meek to replace Captain Hargreaves and Second Lieutenant A. J. Aitken, the latter having been killed in action on 13 December. Both Captain Mole and Second Lieutenant Meek were killed in action on 11 February 1942 in an ambush in the Battle of Bukit Timah. Continue reading

Operation Varsity, The Rhine Crossing—
Royal Signals & United States 17th Airborne Division

(Update March 2025: This article has been updated to include more information about the fate of the various crew members and passengers and to add more photographs, including that of Signalman Teddy Beddington, which was provided by his nephew.)

(Update June 2026. This article has been rewritten to reformat it and to include additional detail. It can be read in the summer 2026 edition of The Journal published by the Royal Signal institution.)

1st Lieutenant Arnold L. Holt

Operation Varsity was the airborne component of the Rhine crossing (Operation Plunder) conducted by United States XVIII Corps (Airborne) that sought to capture the Diersfordter Wald between Hamminkeln and Wessel and seize crossings over the River Issel. On 24 March 1945, the British 6th Airborne Division landed by parachute and by glider at drop zones and landing zones at Hamminkeln in the north of the area and the United States 17th Airborne Division landed in the south, north of Wessel. A query posed to me by the grandson of Lieutenant Arnold L. Holt, 61st Troop Carrier Squadron, United States Army Air Forces created a route to a treasure trove of information from various sources that allows a more complete story to be told of the fate of the men of the Royal Corps of Signals serving with 17th Airborne Division.

Detachments of Royal Signals soldiers from 1st Airborne Corps Signals attached to No. 2 Air Support Signal Unit were landed by glider to support both divisions.[1] The use of British signallers by 17th Airborne Division was necessitated by the use of the British Second Tactical Air Force[2] for close air support. The No. 2 A.S.S.U. ‘tentacles’ (radio detachments) provided links from both divisions to Headquarters Second Army and to the Group Control Centres of Second Tactical Air Force for tasking. Separately, No. 2 A.S.S.U. provided a radio detachment at Headquarters XVIII Corps at Xanten. Continue reading

Commemorating Royal Signals War Dead – New Page, ‘B’

The Royal Signals casualties whose surnames begin with ‘B’ have now been included on the War Dead page on this website (the document opens as a pdf).

‘B’ is the most common initial letter for surnames in England, accounting for about 11% of the population, and slightly less common in Wales and Scotland. Not surprisingly, therefore, surnames beginning with ‘B’ account for the same proportion of Royal Signals casualties (568 all ranks).

The grave of Signalman H. Brown of Eastern Command Signals, who was crushed by a falling building at about 11.00pm on 23 October 1943 during a powerful earthquake in northern Assam, India. He died of his injuries on 24 October 1943, aged 30.

The casualties include:

  • One hundred and eighty-five who were killed in action or died of wounds, including:

Sapper W. H. Bunning of ‘F’ Divisional Signals, who was killed in action in Waziristan on 19 January 1921, the first Indian Signal Corps casualty of that campaign. Also killed in this action were Signalman Hanuman Singh of ‘F’ Divisional Signals and Signalman Suwaru Ram of 23rd Infantry Brigade Signal Section.
Signalman P. Bannerman, ‘F’ Squadron, General Headquarters Liaison Regiment (Phantom) attached to 2nd Special Air Service Regiment, who was killed in action on or shortly after 20 October 1944 while exfiltrating to Allied lines after Operation Loyton during the North-West Europe Campaign. In the same incident, Signalman G. G. Johnston was murdered after being captured.
Corporal R. Barnes of No. 70 Construction Section, No. 5 Railway Telegraph Company, who was  wounded on 16 December 1944 (the first day of the Ardennes offensive) when a V2 rocket destroyed the Cinema Rex in Antwerp during the North-West Europe Campaign. He died of wounds on 17 December 1944. The audience were watching the 1936 Western film The Plainsman when the rocket hit—a little under 600 civilians and military personnel killed or died as a result of their injuries including eight Royal Signals soldiers from various units; a significant number of Royal Signals soldiers were wounded.
Staff Sergeant J. I. Baker and Lieutenant J. A. Barry who were killed in action during the Falklands War and Signaller W. N. E. Bland of 16th Signal Regiment who died of wounds on 11 August 2008 during the Afghanistan War.

Cinem Rex, Antwerp

  • In addition, eight men were killed in action at sea, including:

Continue reading

A Combined British-United States Grave at Digboi War Cemetery, Assam

This is one of several posts following my recent trip to India. See the posts about the CWGC cemeteries at Kolkata, Kohima and Digboi.

Digboi War Cemetery, Assam

In Digboi War Cemetery in north-east Assam lies the remains of a sergeant of the United States Army Air Forces. He is interred in a single grave with three British soldiers. Why they lie together is a most interesting tale; the remains of all four men made journeys of many thousands of miles before their final burial at Digboi.[1]

Douglas C-47 Skytrain in the India-Burma Theatre

On the morning of 7 August 1944, United States Army Air Forces Douglas C-47 Skytrain, serial 42-93341, from 9th Combat Cargo Squadron, 3rd Combat Cargo Group departed Moran airfield in Assam on an airdrop sortie to Burma. After completing its drop, in very low cloud the aircraft crashed into a hill four miles west of Warazup (Waura Zup, Myanmar) just before 11.00am. The aircraft had on board four United States and three British crew; the latter were men of the Royal Artillery serving as air despatchers. All three had been members of 122nd (The Royal Warwickshire Regiment) Light Anti-Tank/Anti-Aircraft Regiment Royal Artillery in 36th Division prior to being posted to an air despatch company when that regiment was reorganised.[2]

All of the crew of 42-93341 were killed:

Pilot: T/2733 Flight Officer Wyant Vanden Mecham, United States Army Air Forces.
Co-Pilot: O-715155 Second Lieutenant Walter Eugene Davis, United States Army Air Forces.
Radio Operator: 16021900 Sergeant Robert Stanley Mercier, United States Army Air Forces.
Aerial Engineer: 31115894 Sergeant Arnold Sulo Oja, United States Army Air Forces.
Air Despatcher: 5104546 Sergeant John Pitt, Royal Regiment of Artillery.
Air Despatcher: 11425253 Gunner Frank Baines, Royal Regiment of Artillery.
Air Despatcher: 1538730 Gunner Wilfred Downton, Royal Regiment of Artillery.

A cursory examination of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission records would indicate that the remains of Sergeant Oja and the three British air despatchers were reinterred at Digboi from Panitola Military Cemetery in 1946, but that is far from the complete story. Continue reading

Digboi War Cemetery

This is the third short post about Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries visited during a recent visit to India with ‘The Forgotten War Tour’ led by Dr. Robert Lyman MBE and organised by Bertie Alexander of Sampan Travel. (See the posts about Kolkata and Kohima). It includes details about the two Royal Signals soldiers buried in the cemetery and information about several others that I found interesting, including a nurse, a soldier from the Belgian Congo, an Italian NCO, and an NCO of the United States Army Air Forces.

Digboi War Cemetery, Assam

Digboi is in the north-eastern corner of Assam, near the Burmese border and on the road to Ledo, the start-point of the Ledo Road (the Stillwell Road) that linked Assam to the Burma Road and thence to China in the latter part of the Second World War.

Construction of the Ledo Road began in December 1942. It led over the Pangsau Pass into Burma and south to join the Burma Road at Mong Yu near the Chinese border. Digboi was on the line of communication to Ledo and a military hospital was established there. After the war the cemetery was added to by burials brought in from Panitola, Jorhat, Margherita, Tinsukia and Ledo, and a single grave from the United States cemetery at Shingbwiyang (Captain D. A. K. Homan, Indian Armoured Corps). The original site of the cemetery was damaged during an earthquake in 1950 and later landslides further endangered the graves. The cemetery was moved to its present location in mid-1959. The cemetery now contains 197 Commonwealth burials and one Belgian, one Italian and one United States burial, all from the Second World War.

There are two Royal Signals soldiers buried in the cemetery: Continue reading

Kohima War Cemetery

This is the second short post about Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries visited during a recent visit to India with ‘The Forgotten War Tour’ led by Dr. Robert Lyman MBE and organised by Bertie Alexander of Sampan Travel. (See the posts about Kolkata and Digboi).

Kohima War Cemetery was constructed on the site of the terraced grounds of the residence of the Deputy Commissioner[1] of the Naga Hills, on the slopes below what became known as Garrison Hill during the Battle of Kohima.

The cemetery was designed by C. St. C. R. Oakes, an Advisory Architect to the Imperial War Graves Commission (later Principal Architect) who had served with 72nd Infantry Brigade in the Arakan, for which he had been appointed an M.B.E.[2] A unique aspect of its design was the incorporation of the Deputy Commissioner’s tennis court, around which fierce fighting had taken place in April and May 1944.

The Cross of Sacrifice and the Tennis Court

The inscription inside the shelter at the base of the Cross of Sacrifice reads:

HERE AROUND THE TENNIS COURT OF THE DEPUTY COMMISSIONER LIE MEN WHO FOUGHT IN THE BATTLE OF KOHIMA IN WHICH THEY AND THEIR COMRADES FINALLY HALTED THE INVASION OF INDIA BY THE FORCES OF JAPAN IN APRIL 1944

Buried here are 1,420 Commonwealth war dead, of whom 125 are unidentified. A further 917 Hindu and Sikh soldiers who were cremated in accordance with their faith are commemorated on the Kohima Cremation Memorial

The Cremation Memorial

The missing from the battles in the region are amongst those commemorated on the Rangoon Memorial.[3]

There are eight Royal Signals all ranks buried at Kohima, five of who were killed during the battle, and three who died in hospital in Kohima or elsewhere in the region at other times:

3603687 Signalman FRED HOUGHTON BOYD
2nd Divisional Signals
Killed in action on 12 June 1944 during the latter stages of the Battle of Kohima. Continue reading

The Hong Kong Signal Company and the SS Lisbon Maru

This blog post originally appeared on my website dealing with Royal Signals honours and awards. With the closure of that site I have updated it and moved it here.

It is written in memory of the officers and men of Royal Signals who died during the sinking of the SS Lisbon Maru eighty years ago on 2 October 1942, and of those others who were killed in action during the Battle for Hong Kong or who later died as prisoners of war.

USS Grouper

Before dawn on 1 October 1942 off the small islands at the eastern extremity of the Zhoushan archipelago near Shanghai, Lieutenant Commander Rob Roy McGregor, United States Navy, commanding the submarine USS Grouper, spotted a perfect target—a Japanese freighter of about 7,000 tons. Having delayed his attack until just after daylight, McGregor fired a first salvo of three torpedoes; all missed. A fourth hit the freighter’s stern and she hove to. Sometime later, seeing that she was not sinking, McGregor fired a fifth torpedo and then a sixth, which also missed. Grouper had now been spotted, however, and under attack she made a run for safety.[1]

The freighter was the SS Lisbon Maru, a 22-year-old general cargo ship converted to carry a human cargo. On board were 1,834 prisoners of war from Hong Kong and 780 Japanese soldiers. Continue reading

Signalman Arnold Osmond Topliff BEM

Arnie Topliff was one of only two men to earn a gallantry award in the aftermath of the sinking of the prisoner of war transport SS Lisbon Maru in October 1942. His award of the British Empire Medal was one of 56 to Royal Signals soldiers during the Second World War for acts of gallantry.

Signalman Arnie Topliff BEM

The eldest of two sons and two daughters, he was born in Derby on 9 March 1919. He started school there before the family moved to a small-holding in Quarndon.[1] Arnie was a keen sportsman, representing the village at cricket and football, and a strong swimmer. He was also a chorister in the parish church, St Paul’s. His father had served with the Royal Navy before, during and after the First World War, initially on battleships and later as a submariner[2] and after the war he joined Derby Corporation Electrical Department. When he left school, Arnie Topliff also joined the Derby Corporation, as an electrical cable joiner. It was natural, therefore, that when he enlisted on 6 December 1939 and joined Royal Signals he became a lineman. During his training early in 1940 Arnold Topliff married Nellie Moseley. After his training he was posted to the Far East, to the Hong Kong Signal Company. Continue reading

The Shahur Tangi Ambush, Waziristan, 1937

This blog post originally appeared in 2018 on my website dealing with Royal Signals honours and awards. With the closure of that site I have updated it (substantially) and moved it here. More details on the casualties may be found in the blog post about Manzai Fort cemetery

Operations in Waziristan and elsewhere on the North-West Frontier of India, earned for Royal Signals some of its very first awards for gallantry—the earliest in the 1920s are dealt with in the chapter of the book that deals with the Meritorious Service Medal for gallantry.

By 1924 conflict in the region had largely abated but a British and Indian Army garrison remained to piquet the roads that had been built between small population centres as a means of increasing control of the tribal area. Such duties were not without danger. On 18 August 1924, during a road opening operation north of Razmak Narai, near Duncan’s Piquet, a vehicle carrying a small Royal Signals party from Razani was ambushed below the picquet. In the action that followed, Lance Sergeant Percy Cook, aged 23, was killed and Signalman C. Punter and an Indian signaller were wounded.[1] This incident was the subject of the Corps painting Frontier Ambush by Peter Archer.[2]

The grave of Lance Serjeant Percy Everitt Cook, Razmak

Less well known, certainly in Royal Signals, is a much larger ambush in 1937 that claimed the lives of two Royal Signals soldiers and over 70 others killed and wounded. Continue reading